Soil erosion, the movement of parts of the soil from one area to another due to wind and water, limits the productivity of vineyards and is the main way that fertilizers, sediments and pesticide residues reach surface waters. Elements that affect erosion are rainfall, soil type, slope length, slope steepness and crop factor. Three proven methods for reducing runoff and erosion are: planting plants, grasses, shrubs and/or trees that prevent soil erosion with their roots, then using geotextile cloth, mats or grids and installing permanent, solid barriers that channel excess water around the vineyard.
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